Punithan, Dharani, Dong-Kyun Kim, and RI Bob McKay. “Spatio-temporal dynamics and quantification of daisyworld in two-dimensional coupled map lattices.” Ecological complexity 12 (2012): 43-57.
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We spatially extend the daisyworld model on a two-dimensional toroidal coupled map lattice (CML – a generalisation of cellular automata). We investigated whether this tightly coupled system of local nonlinear dynamics with bi-directional life-environment feedback can generate a specific kind of behaviour, characterised by global stability coexisting with local instability. We introduce appropriate metrics to measure the spatio-temporal dynamics of the daisyworld system. Specifically, we evaluate spatial autocorrelation using Moran’s I , and local and global temporal fluctuation through the permutation entropy and the temporal standard deviation. We categorise a range of different behaviours that can arise in such scenarios, and relate them through a parameter analysis.