Kwasnicka, Halina, Urszula Markowska-Kaczmar, and Marcin Mikosik. “Open-ended evolution in flocking behaviour simulation.” In Proceedings of the International Multiconference on Computer Science and Information Technology , pp. 103-120. 2007.
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In this research we tried to apply open-ended evolution to breed controllers for artificial organism which would be able to manifest flocking behaviours. In comparison to the previous work in this area the artificial world created in our system is characterized by significant diversity of organisms. Animals were equipped with double and dynamic sight, which were suggested by other authors in their works. In experiments, many different behaviours were observed, which were very similar to those in nature, for instance: the escape of herbivore from predators, making herbivores route towards plants or a pursuit of predators after herbivores. Another interesting behaviour was grouping of predators around plants, where the probability of meeting herbivore is greater than in other places. The most advanced behaviour was creation of flocks, which was the goal of experiments. The observed motion of animals looked natural. However, to the full success it was necessary to apply steered evolution.