Andersson, Claes. “Ontogeny and ontology in complex systems modeling.” In The Dynamics of Complex Urban Systems , pp. 43-58. Physica-Verlag HD, 2008.
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In this paper the ontogeny of complex systems models is discussed: the historical aspect of model ontology. The theoretical framework that is applied is complex systems theory and more specifically evolution and dynamical hierarchies. Some issues relating to the role and applicability of complex systems models are also discussed.