Collier, John. “Intrinsic information.” Information, Language and Cognition: Vancouver Studies in Cognitive Science 1 (1990): 390-409.
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In everyday usage, information is knowledge or facts acquired or derived from study,
instruction or observation. Information is presumed to be both meaningful and veridical, and to have some appropriate connection to its object. Information might be misleading, but it can never be false. Standard information theory, on the other hand, as developed for communications (Shannon and Weaver, 1949), measurement (Brillouin, 1962) and computation (Solomonoff, 1964; Kolmogorov, 1968; Chaitin, 1975), entirely ignores the semantic aspects of information. Thus it might seem to have little relevance to our common notion of information. This is especially true considering the range of applications of information theory found in the literature of a variety of fields. Assuming, however, that the mind works computationally and can get information about things via physical channels, then technical accounts of information strongly restrict any plausible account of the vulgar notion. Some recent information-oriented approaches to epistemology and semantics go further.