Prokopenko, Mikhail. “Guided self‐organization.” (2009): 287-289.
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Typically, self-organization is defined as the evolution of a system into an organized form in the absence of external pressures. A broad definition of self-organization is given by Haken
(2006).
“A system is self-organizing if it acquires a spatial, temporal, or functional structure without
specific interference from the outside. By ‘specific’ we mean that the structure or functioning
is not impressed on the system but that the system is acted upon from the outside in a nonspecific fashion. For instance, the fluid which forms hexagons is heated from below in an entirely uniform fashion and it acquires its specific structure by self-organization.”