Maley, Carlo C. “Four steps toward open-ended evolution.” In Proceedings of the 1st Annual Conference on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation-Volume 2 , pp. 1336-1343. 1999.
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In 1998, Bedau et al. dened a set of metrics for characterizing the long-term evolutionary dynamics of a system. They argued that no known articial system demonstrates the unbounded evolutionary activity observed in the fossil record. In response we have de- veloped a series of toy models that approach and eventually succeed in demonstrating unbounded evolutionary activity. The underwhelming success of the models suggests that there must be more to open-ended evolution than just unbounded evolutionary activity as the term is currently dened. We derive some potential extensions to the metrics and equirements for developing open-ended evolution in an articial system.