Howard H. Pattee, Hiroki Sayama; Evolved Open-Endedness, Not Open-Ended Evolution. Artif Life 2019; 25 (1): 4–8. doi: https://doi.org/10.1162/artl_a_00276
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Open-endedness is often considered a prerequisite property of the whole evolutionary system and its dynamical behaviors. In the actual history of evolution on Earth, however, there are many examples showing that open-endedness is rather a consequence of evolution. We suggest that this view, which we call evolved open-endedness (EOE), be incorporated more into research on open-ended evolution. This view should allow for systematic investigation of more nuanced, more concrete research questions about open-endedness and its relationship with adaptation and sustainability.